Electric vehicles (EVs) are witnessing a surge in demand and production for their
environmental benefits. This study reviews the development of electric vehicle routing …

Fuel consumption accounts for a large and increasing part of transportation costs. In this
paper, the Fuel Consumption Rate (FCR), a factor considered as a load dependant function …

High capital and labor costs, coupled with high rates of technological and competitive
change, present challenges for manufacturers in developed countries, often spurring them to …

The Toyota production system (TPS) or lean has long been regarded as a powerful
approach for managing manufacturing factories. However, in the early 1990s, the TPS was …

In this paper we define a line-cell conversion problem that has been reported as a new
technical innovation in Japanese industry, and we construct a mathematical model to …

Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising transportation tools for supporting green supply chain
and cleaner production. In contrast to traditional fossil fuel-powered vehicles, which usually …

The line-cell (or line-seru) conversion is an innovation of assembly system applied widely in
the electronics industry. Its essence is tearing out an assembly line and adopting a mini …

Since the 1970s, Japanese manufacturing firms continue giving big surprises with strong
impact to Western industries and academia. The first was the Toyota Production System …

The line-cell conversion is established as a new production system towards converting
traditional conveyor assembly line to a cell system, in which one (or multiple) worker carries …

The line–cell (or line–seru) conversion is an innovation of assembly systems that has
received less attention. Its essence is dismantling an assembly conveyor line and adopting a …