Many common pediatric orthopedic conditions can be managed by the pediatrician who has a knowledge of the natural history of these conditions. An accurate diagnosis is necessary to provide proper treatment, give advice to patients, or make referrals to the proper specialist. The authors' find that in approximately 95% of cases, a specific diagnosis can be made and that 40% of patient referrals for orthopedic problems could have been managed by the primary care physician. This article discusses some of the more common pediatric orthopedic problems often encountered by primary care physicians.