Applications | Number of publications | Number of reported cases (maximum sample size) | Study design | Imaging techniques | IDEAL stage | |
Fluorogenic agent | Frequently used dose (range) | |||||
Cholangiography | 68 | 3386 (676) | Small case series,* 51 (75%) Prospective studies, 36 (53%) Large multicentre studies,† 3 (4%) RCTs, 3 (4%) | ICG (99%) | IV: 2.5 mg (44%)(0.25–13.5 mg) Gallbladder injection: No dominant dosage [0.0025- 2.5 mg/mL] | 3 |
Hepatic segmentation | 51 | 941 (105) | Small case series,* 46 (90%) Prospective studies, 22 (43%) Large multicentre studies,† 0 (0%) RCTs, 1 (2%) | ICG (100%) | IV: 2.5 mg (36% of 36 reports) or 0.25–0.5 mg/kg (17%)(0.25–5 mg) PV injection: 0.025–0.05 mg/mL (54% of 24 reports) [0.005- 5 mg/mL] | 2b |
Lung segmentation | 39 | 1152 (245) | Small case series,* 36 (92%) Prospective studies, 15 (38%) Large multicentre studies,† 0 (0%) RCTs, 0 (0%) | ICG (100%) | IV: 2.5–5 mg (22% of 32 reports) or 0.25–0.5 mg/kg (19%) (0.04–25 mg) Bronchial injection: No dominant dosage(1.25–25 mg) | 2a |
Ureterography | 14 | 274 (59) | Small case series,* 14 (100%) Prospective studies, 7 (50%) Large multicentre studies,† 0 (0%) RCTs, 0 (0%) | ICG (50%) MB (29%) | Ureteral injection of ICG: 2.5 mg/mL (50%) IV MB: 0.125–1 mg/kg (29%) | 2a |
Parathyroid identification | 53 | 2674 (210) | Small case series,* 39 (74%) Prospective studies, 30 (57%) Large multicentre studies,† 2 (4%) RCTs, 3 (6%) | Autofluorescence (58%) ICG (40%) | None for autofluorescence IV ICG: 5 mg (13%)(2.5–15 mg) | 3 |
*Retrospective or prospective studies including less than 100 cases at five or fewer centres, with no control arm.
†Prospective multicentre study including 100 or more cases.
ICG, indocyanine green; MB, methylene blue; RCT, randomised controlled trial.