Incident rate ratios (IRR) of outcomes following index aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedure between patients implanted with BV or MV, overall and stratified by follow-up time, and adjusted for age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score group
| ≤5 years follow-up | 6–10 years follow-up | 0–10 years follow-up | |||||||
| Number of events | IRR (95% CIs) | Number of events | IRR (95% CIs) | Number of events | IRR (95% CIs) | ||||
| BV | MV | BV | MV | BV | MV | ||||
| 18–64 years | |||||||||
| Reoperation | 31 | 46 | 0.77 (0.52 to 1.14) | 30 | 11 | 5.48 (2.38 to 12.62) | 61 | 57 | 1.88 (1.29 to 2.74) |
| Readmissions | |||||||||
| AMI | 18 | 36 | 0.75 (0.41 to 1.38) | 10 | 28 | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.94) | 28 | 64 | 0.68 (0.43 to 1.09) |
| Stroke | 22 | 59 | 0.40 (0.27 to 0.60) | 16 | 29 | 1.00 (0.50 to 2.04) | 38 | 88 | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.98) |
| hemorrhage | 33 | 102 | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.50) | 18 | 59 | 0.58 (0.32 to 1.05) | 51 | 158 | 0.53 (0.41 to 0.69) |
| Thromboembolism | 21 | 37 | 0.68 (0.41 to 1.12) | 14 | 23 | 1.14 (0.66 to 1.96) | 35 | 60 | 1.01 (0.67 to 1.52) |
| Mortality (cardiovascular) | 70 | 84 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.23) | 23 | 26 | 1.50 (0.99 to 2.27) | 93 | 110 | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.59) |
| Mortality (all-cause) | 125 | 144 | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.11) | 55 | 80 | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.69) | 180 | 224 | 1.29 (1.12 to 1.49) |
| 65+ years | |||||||||
| Reoperation | 55 | 21 | 0.61 (0.37 to 1.01) | 17 | 9 | 0.86 (0.45 to 1.65) | 72 | 30 | 0.78 (0.53 to 1.17) |
| Readmissions | |||||||||
| AMI | 249 | 70 | 0.71 (0.53 to 0.96) | 113 | 37 | 0.95 (0.66 to 1.36) | 362 | 107 | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.10) |
| Stroke | 347 | 90 | 0.82 (0.64 to 1.06) | 132 | 43 | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.21) | 479 | 133 | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.09) |
| hemorrhage | 471 | 133 | 0.77 (0.62 to 0.95) | 163 | 46 | 1.00 (0.69 to 1.44) | 634 | 179 | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.12) |
| Thromboembolism | 249 | 60 | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.17) | 82 | 18 | 1.34 (0.84 to 2.14) | 331 | 78 | 1.10 (0.91 to 1.33) |
| Mortality (cardiovascular) | 919 | 239 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.92) | 280 | 105 | 0.69 (0.59 to 0.81) | 1199 | 344 | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.95) |
| Mortality (all-cause) | 1670 | 415 | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | 798 | 252 | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.95) | 2468 | 667 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) |
| Total | |||||||||
| Reoperation | 86 | 67 | 0.65 (0.51 to 0.83) | 47 | 20 | 2.75 (1.00 to 7.55) | 133 | 87 | 1.25 (0.78 to 2.01) |
| Readmissions | |||||||||
| AMI | 267 | 106 | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.98) | 123 | 65 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.23) | 390 | 171 | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.14) |
| Stroke | 369 | 149 | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.89) | 148 | 72 | 0.98 (0.78 to 1.23) | 517 | 221 | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.08) |
| hemorrhage | 504 | 235 | 0.66 (0.54 to 0.82) | 181 | 102 | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.20) | 685 | 337 | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.06) |
| Thromboembolism | 270 | 97 | 0.84 (0.69 to 1.01) | 96 | 41 | 1.35 (1.05 to 1.72) | 366 | 138 | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.30) |
| Mortality (cardiovascular) | 989 | 323 | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98) | 303 | 131 | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.16) | 1292 | 454 | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18) |
| Mortality (all-cause) | 1795 | 559 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 853 | 332 | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.18) | 2648 | 891 | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.21) |
NB: total follow-up time, patients were right censored at either death or end of follow-up, depending on which occurred first. Each cardiovascular event had separate follow-up times to include if the event, death or end of follow-up period occurred first.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BV, bioprosthetic valve; MV, mechanical valve.